1) Law: Laub and Sampson study (2003, 2004). It is I believe the lonest longitudinal study in crime academia.
2)Karr (2003) worked among homeless population and conducted oral history research.
3)Gimlin(2000) did biographical narratives of women who underwent plastic surgery. Most of the women assumed that woman’s merit is qualified by their looks.
4) Leavy and Rose (2006) investigated eating disorders among women and its psychological implication. They used oral histories.
5) Di Gangi S, Naretto G, Vravero N. (2013) .A narrative-based study on communication by family members in intensive care unit. J Critical care
6) Tsui Ek (2012) Say ‘trouble’s gone’: chronic illness and employability in job training programs. Soc Health ill
Life and oral history Biographical research,Memoir,Oral history “ recorded in-depth nterview in narrative research”
Photographs, picutres are all types of unobstrusive methods.
In anthropology, narrative means “complete life story”
OLD…Three thousands years ago …Histographer of Zhou dynasty .. p no. 111
Use of narrative:
- Medicine,
- Anthropology,
- Psychology
- Folklore
- Law
- Journalism
- Sociology
“storytelling is the way of conveying the message.” It is the voice for those who are marginalized.
Source:reading from book: Q R methods Liamputtong )
Conversation is the dollar of qualitative research.
Researchers listen to dream, fear and hopes.
The interview is specific form of conversation where knowledge is produced.
Intimacy and mutual self-disclosure.
Researchers see the world through participant’s lens.
Recently there was gangrspe of one medical student and she was brutally beaten. Eventually she died in fighting for life after 15 days. The incident received international coverage and people demanded death penalty for the culprits. Now there is a need to study people attitude towards the death penalty.
Dragnet model?
Parisian cafe model?
Indepth interviews are suitable for grounded theory .
The same is also closely associated with feminist.
Jerry springer and Oprah winfrey..
Thematically to produce knowledge and dynamically to enhance interpersonal relationship.
Douglas and Rasmussen ” nude beach virgin”
(source: notes derived from book “Q Research methods “Liamputtong )
Extrapolate some universe form of experiences..comparison of shared experiences…
Locate universal (general) nature of experiences..
For example:: live experiences of illegal immigrants when they have fear of getting deported…
Live experiences of restaurant workers when they are paid less..
Phenomenology study of single women..
3) shared experiences among various individual experiencing the same phenomena,,
4) Essence of experience.. Creat discourses. Empathize with …..of individual..
Discourse on meaning.. To get from your participants.. .. How that make you feel?
What that experience will be like.. Emotional experience. .. I was petrified. ..I was in ecstasy.. I was overwhelmed.,
One student was asked about the experience he felt of 2012 classes.. He says,” Oh God, instructor’s method of teaching was so unclear that I literally feel frustrated. ”
Response could be good if question is asked in better empathic way..
Here comes bedside manners by doctors.
Elements of phenomenology :
1) lived experience
2) conscious process
One need to be very gentle in asking questions..
Interpretations of experiences…
Gradients of experiences accounts increase.
Types:
1) hermeneutic
2)psychological phenomena everything is perceived fresh
Interpretation of meaning and significance.
Revisiting event.. Looking that event in new vein,, with new vision..
Change in interpretation of same experience when u r young and when u r old.
If u lost ur child and ur parents also lost ur child.. Then u can use psychological phenomenology..
.
1 .Identify phen..
2.bracket
3.Data
4.interpretation
5.description: textural (what) and structural (how)
When compared to narrative, in phenomenological research, we are more concerned of phenomena.
Multiple interpretation.
Doesn’t it sound funny as Geometry in qualitative research methods? I was wondering why this word exist in Qualitative dictionary. From two landmarks, you can decide third landmark. I do not know how much accurate I am in interpreting the meaning of this mathematical term here.
Traingulation can be from..
more than one theory,
more than one researchers,
more than one participant
more than one method
and finally more than???? fifth one I am leaving to curiosity… Guess????
For example, there are two students, who are evaluating the confused teaching method of instructor, and then another third student joins and do the research on confused style of teaching, as a result of triangulation, we can conclude that the concerned instructor is confused and it confusions can affect students learning process. This is an example of triangulation with number of researchers.
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